As outdoor enthusiasts and leaders, understanding the risks and recognizing the signs of hypothermia is essential for ensuring our own safety and that of those we guide. Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, leading to a dangerous drop in core body temperature. This condition can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly. Here’s what you need to know to prevent and respond to hypothermia in the wilderness.

What is Hypothermia?

Hypothermia sets in when the body’s core temperature falls below 95°F (35°C). While it is most commonly associated with extremely cold environments, it can occur even in cool temperatures if a person becomes chilled from rain, sweat, or submersion in cold water.

Signs and Symptoms

Hypothermia progresses in stages, and recognizing the early signs is critical:

• Mild Hypothermia (90-95°F / 32-35°C):
  • Shivering
  • Numbness
  • Fatigue
  • Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Moderate Hypothermia (82-90°F / 28-32°C):
  • Violent shivering or shivering stops
  • Clumsiness or lack of coordination
  • Slurred speech
  • Stumbling or inability to walk
• Severe Hypothermia (Below 82°F / 28°C):
  • Unconsciousness
  • Weak pulse
  • Shallow or very slow breathing
  • Potential cardiac arrest

Prevention Strategies

Preventing hypothermia starts with proper preparation and awareness:

• Dress Appropriately: Wear layers of clothing that can be adjusted according to the weather. Use moisture-wicking materials to keep sweat away from your skin and insulate with wool or synthetic fibers.
• Stay Dry: Avoid getting wet from rain, snow, or sweat. Pack waterproof and windproof outer layers.
• Keep Moving: Physical activity generates body heat. Take breaks to rest, but avoid prolonged inactivity in cold conditions.
• Stay Nourished and Hydrated: Eat high-energy foods and drink plenty of water. Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can accelerate heat loss.
• Know the Weather: Check weather forecasts and plan accordingly. Be prepared to adjust your route or shelter if conditions worsen.

First Aid for Hypothermia

If you suspect someone is experiencing hypothermia, act quickly:

1. Move to a Warm Environment: If possible, get the person indoors or into a sheltered area.
2. Remove Wet Clothing: Replace with dry, warm clothing or blankets.
3. Insulate: Use blankets, sleeping bags, or whatever is available to wrap the person. Ensure their head is covered.
4. Provide Warm Drinks: If the person is conscious, offer warm, non-alcoholic beverages.
5. Body Heat: If necessary, use your body heat to warm the person by sharing a sleeping bag or wrapping them with your own body.
6. Seek Medical Attention: Severe hypothermia requires urgent medical care. Call for help and be prepared to perform CPR if the person is unresponsive.

Final Thoughts

Hypothermia is a serious condition, but with the right knowledge and preparation, you can prevent it and respond effectively if it occurs. Stay vigilant, stay warm, and keep exploring the wilderness with confidence.

Stay safe out there!